Affirmative action in the form of reservations is a divisive and contentious topic of policy in India. In this paper, we aim to create a principled and data-driven model to design the reservations policy in India. We look at some arguments against current policy and try to resolve them. We use statistical modeling to create our new framework, RAMSES (Rigorous and Adaptive Measurement of Socio-Economic Status). RAMSES measures the multidimensional disadvantage faced by an individual as an "adjusted income", which attempts to calibrate the quantum of compensatory aid in the form of reservations for that individual to have a level playing field. We illustrate our model using a case study. © 2020 Owner/Author.