Department of History

Ashoka University is a private university located in Sonipat, Haryana, India, focusing on liberal arts and sciences. It was established in 2014.&nbsp;It is guided by an academic council of academics and scholars from around the world. The council sets the university&#39;s academic standard, advising on matters of curriculum, faculty hiring and research.&nbsp;

Ashoka University offers a full-time 3 (+ 1) year undergraduate programme. The University comprises of&nbsp;2500 plus students, with a mix of both national and international students.&nbsp; &nbsp;

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Ashoka University

World University root node

Department of Environmental Studies

Art in America

Blurred borders

Polluting Industries, Environment and Workers' Health (Module VII)

The Coronavirus pandemic has caught most countries off guard, unprepared to handle a fast-spreading viral infection with a high rate of fatality and absence of any prophylactics and preventive agents. It has made it clear that a strong scientific base with access to novel technology platforms, trained scientific manpower and flexible regulatory systems are required to fight such infections and prevent future infections to go out of control. Developing the scientific and technology base could have a ripple effect in fighting several other incurable diseases, such as many forms of cancer and genetic disorders. © 2020, ndian Academy of Sciences.

Department of Biology

Current Science

Vaccine and drug trials in the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons for India

A single-sign-on (SSO) is an authentication system that allows a user to log in with a single identity and password to any of several related, yet independent, server applications. SSO solutions eliminate the need for users to repeatedly prove their identities to different applications and hold different credentials for each application. Token-based authentication is commonly used to enable a SSO experience on the web and on enterprise networks. A large body of work considers distributed token generation which can protect the long term keys against a subset of breached servers. A recent work (CCS'18) introduced the notion of Password-based Threshold Authentication (PbTA) with the goal of making password-based token generation for SSO secure against server breaches that could compromise both long-term keys and user credentials. They also introduced a generic framework called PASTA that can instantiate a PbTA system. The existing SSO systems built on distributed token generation techniques, including the PASTA framework, do not admit password-update functionality. In this work, we address this issue by proposing a password-update functionality into the PASTA framework. We call the modified framework PAS-TA-U. As a concrete application, we instantiate PAS-TA-U to implement in Python a distributed SSH key manager for enterprise networks (ESKM) that also admits a password-update functionality for its clients. Our experiments show that the overhead of protecting secrets and credentials against breaches in our system compared to a traditional single server setup is low (average 119 ms in a 10-out-of-10 server setting on Internet with 80 ms round trip latency).

Department of Computer Science

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

PAS-TA-U: PASsword-Based Threshold Authentication with Password Update

Calcium signaling plays a key role in many essential processes in almost all eukaryotic systems. It is believed that it may also be an important signaling system of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Motility, adhesion, cytolysis, and phagocytosis/trogocytosis are important steps in invasion and pathogenesis of E. histolytica, and Ca2+ signaling is thought to be associated with these processes leading to tissue invasion. There are a large number of Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) in E. histolytica, and a number of these proteins appear to be associated with different steps in pathogenesis. The genome encodes 27 EF-hand–containing CaBPs in addition to a number of other Ca2+-binding domain/motif-containing proteins, which suggest intricate calcium signaling network in this parasite. Unlike other eukaryotes, a typical calmodulin-like protein has not been seen in E. histolytica. Though none of the CaBPs display sequence similarity with a typical calmodulin, extensive structural similarity has been seen in spite of lack of significant functional overlap with that of typical calmodulins. One of the unique features observed in E. histolytica is the identification of CaBPs (EhCaBP1, EhCaBP3) that have the ability to directly bind actin and modulate actin dynamics. Direct interaction of CaBPs with actin has not been seen in any other system. Pseudopod formation and phagocytosis are some of the processes that require actin dynamics, and some of the amoebic CaBPs (EhC2Pk, EhCaBP1, EhCaBP3, EhCaBP5) participate in this process. None of these E. histolytica CaBPs have any homolog in organisms other than different species of Entamoeba, suggesting a novel Ca2+ signaling pathway that has evolved in this genus. © 2020 Babuta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Fulltext

PLoS Pathogens

Entamoeba histolytica and pathogenesis: A calcium connection

India is estimated to have a large number of patients suffering from rare diseases (RDs). More than 95% of such diseases are incurable. In many cases, the available treatments are expensive and often have to be provided lifelong to the patients. As a result, the direct and indirect costs of these diseases are significantly high, adding to the country's socio-economic burden. It is time for India to implement healthcare policies that are focused on encouraging domestic production of drugs against RDs and finding innovative cures for them. This article delineates the existing social, economic and policy scenario governing RDs in India. It also examines some of the global policy approaches in this field. Taking a cue from such international practices, this article advocates the need for a comprehensive regulatory framework for RDs in India with the ultimate goal of ensuring 'cure for all patients'. © 2020, Indian Academy of Sciences.

Rare diseases in India: Time for cure-driven policy initiatives and action

Differential specification of dorsal flight appendages, wing and haltere, in Drosophila provides an excellent model system to address a number of important questions in developmental biology at the levels of molecules, pathways, tissues, organs, organisms and evolution. Here we discuss the mechanism by which the Hox protein Ubx recognizes and regulates its downstream targets, implications of the same in growth control at cellular and organ level and finally the evolution of haltere from ancestral hindwings in other holometabolous insects. © 2020 UPV/EHU Press.

International Journal of Developmental Biology

Haltere development in D. melanogaster: Implications for the evolution of appendage size, shape and function

Economists are increasingly interested in subjective well-being, but the economic literature on perceptions of income adequacy, which is one of the factors that shape subjective well-being, is little. Our paper fills this lacuna. We utilize nationally representative data on perceptions of amounts considered as remunerative earnings from self-employment in India and examine how these are earnings shaped by social identity, namely, caste. We also investigate if institutional change such as the introduction of an employment guarantee scheme alters these perceptions. Finally, we examine the relationship between caste identity and actual earnings. We find that caste identity does shape both perceptions of income adequacy and actual earnings: lower-ranked groups perceive lower amounts as being remunerative and also earn lower amounts. Further, the employment guarantee scheme alters self-perceptions differentially for different caste groups, but in more nuanced ways than our ex-ante beliefs.

Department of Economics

Review of Development Economics

Social identity and perceived income adequacy

The use of Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) in policy evaluations has revolutionized our approach to designing effective public policies. This essay argues that understanding the politics of policymaking is integral to the discussion of RCTs. The literature on RCTs has not sufficiently engaged with this issue. Examining a recent set of papers, the essay analyzes how the political process of policymaking as well as its political consequences may matter for the overall welfare implications of an intervention, including those involving the experimental method. Additionally, such political concerns with the method may be hard to avoid as both small and large scale RCTs may involve unintended and yet, consequential, political effects. Given the influence that RCTs enjoy within the discipline and in the wider development community, bringing the political economy considerations within the ambit of analyses could make policy evaluations more holistic, better our understanding, and consequently, bring research closer to practice. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

World Development

(Don't) leave politics out of it: Reflections on public policies, experiments, and interventions

The article concerns a mediaeval Indian debate over whether, and if so how, we can know that a self (ātman) exists, understood here as a subject of cognition (jñātṛ) that outlives individual cognitions, being their common substrate. A passage that has not yet been translated from Sanskrit into a European language, from Jayanta Bhaṭṭa’s Nyāyamañjarī (c. 890 CE), ‘Blossoms of Reasoning’, is examined. This rich passage reveals something not yet noted in secondary literature, namely that Mīmāṃsakas advanced four different models of what happens when the self perceives itself. The article clarifies the differences between the four, and the historical and logical relationships between them. It also hypothesizes pressures that constituted the need for the creation of the newer views, i.e. perceived problems with the earlier views, which the proponents of the newer views saw themselves as overcoming. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.