Department of History

Ashoka University is a private university located in Sonipat, Haryana, India, focusing on liberal arts and sciences. It was established in 2014.&nbsp;It is guided by an academic council of academics and scholars from around the world. The council sets the university&#39;s academic standard, advising on matters of curriculum, faculty hiring and research.&nbsp;

Ashoka University offers a full-time 3 (+ 1) year undergraduate programme. The University comprises of&nbsp;2500 plus students, with a mix of both national and international students.&nbsp; &nbsp;

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Ashoka University

We axiomatically characterise a class of updating rules in the contexts of: (a) consumer's equilibrium; and (b) random choice by a decision maker. The updating rule captures the effect of absence of a product on the expenditure-share function in (a) and the effect of removal of an alternative on the choice probabilities of the remaining alternatives in (b). The class of updating rules, called hemi-Bayesian random choice rule can be described as follows: the expenditure-share or the probability-weight of the alternative that is removed is distributed proportionately to the alternatives belonging to its lower contour set according to some linear order. We show that this class of rules is the same as random consideration set rule as in Manzini and Mariotti (2014).

Department of Economics

World University root node

Economics Letters

Consumer equilibrium, random choice and hemi-Bayesian revision rule

The average user has between 90–130 online accounts [17], and around 3 × 1011 passwords are in use this year [10]. Most people are terrible at remembering “random” passwords, so they reuse or create similar passwords using a combination of predictable words, numbers, and symbols [16]. Previous password-generation or management protocols have imposed so large a cognitive load that users have abandoned them in favor of insecure yet simpler methods (e.g., writing them down or reusing minor variants). We describe a range of candidate human-computable “hash” functions suitable for use as password generators - as long as the human (with minimal education assumptions) keeps a single, easily-memorizable ‘master’ secret - and rate them by various metrics, including effective security. These functions hash master-secrets with user accounts to produce sub-secrets that can be used as passwords; FR(s, w) ⟶ y, which takes a website w and produces a password y, parameterized by the master secret s, which may or may not be a string. We exploit the unique configuration R of each user’s associative and implicit memory (detailed in Sect. 2) to ensure that sources of randomness unique to each user are present in each F. An adversary cannot compute or verify FR efficiently since R is unique to each individual; in that sense, our hash function is similar to a physically unclonable function [37]. For the algorithms we propose, the user need only complete primitive operations such as addition, spatial navigation or searching. Critically, most of our methods are also accessible to neurodiverse, or cognitively or physically differently-abled persons. Given the nature of these functions, it is not possible to directly use traditional cryptographic methods for analysis; so, we use an array of approaches, mainly related to entropy, to illustrate and analyze the same. We draw on cognitive, neuroscientific, and cryptographic research to use these functions as improved password management and creation systems, and present results from a survey (n = 134 individuals, with each candidate performing 2 schemes) investigating real-world usage of these methods and how people currently come up with their passwords. We also survey 400 websites to collate current password advice. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Department of Computer Science

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

Trenchcoat: Human-computable hashing algorithms for password generation

For a free group F of finite rank such that rank.F/ ≥ 3, we prove that the set of weak limits of a conjugacy class in F under iterates of some hyperbolic 2 Out.F/ is equal to the collection of generic leaves and lines with endpoints in attracting fixed points of . As an application we describe the ending lamination set for a hyperbolic extension of F by a hyperbolic element of Out.F/ in a new way and use it to prove results about Cannon–Thurston maps for such extensions. We also use it to derive conditions for quasiconvexity of finitely generated, infinite index subgroups of F in the extension group. These results generalize similar results obtained in [23] and [19] and use different techniques.

Department of Mathematics

Groups, Geometry and Dynamics

Limits of conjugacy classes under iterates of hyperbolic elements of Out.F/

Promoter proximal pausing (PPP) of RNA polymerase II has emerged as a crucial rate-limiting step in the regulation of gene expression. Regulation of PPP is brought about by complexes 7SK snRNP, P-TEFb (Cdk9/cycT), and the negative elongation factor (NELF), which are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans. Here, we show that RNAi-mediated depletion of bin3 or Hexim of the 7SK snRNP complex or depletion of individual components of the NELF complex enhances Yki-driven growth, leading to neoplastic transformation of Drosophila wing imaginal discs. We also show that increased CDK9 expression cooperates with Yki in driving neoplastic growth. Interestingly, overexpression of CDK9 on its own or in the background of depletion of one of the components of 7SK snRNP or the NELF complex necessarily, and specifically, needed Yki overexpression to cause tumorous growth. Genome-wide gene expression analyses suggested that deregulation of protein homeostasis is associated with tumorous growth of wing imaginal discs. As both Fat/Hippo/Yki pathway and PPP are highly conserved, our observations may provide insights into mechanisms of oncogenic function of YAP-the ortholog of Yki in humans. Copyright © 2020 Nagarkar et al.

Department of Biology

Genetics

Promoter proximal pausing limits tumorous growth induced by the yki transcription factor in drosophila

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

New Roles of Single-Molecule Technologies in Biology

Other Publications

The Routledge Handbook of Metaphysical Grounding

Infinite descent

The Covid-19 pandemic has raised awareness of future biological threats, how we can prepare and develop mitigation strategies. Technology has allowed us to quickly identify the pathogen, map its evolution in real time and develop scores of vaccines within months. This review looks at disease threats from a perspective of human development, and the futuristic technologies that may help in the fight. Most importantly, cooperation across political and ideological boundaries would be needed in a highly inter-connected world. A new disease emerging anywhere is a threat everywhere. © 2020, Indian Institute of Science.

Fulltext

Journal of the Indian Institute of Science

Global Biological Threats: Novel Tools and Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Sustainable Development

One of the more distinctive features of Bob Hale and Crispin Wright's neologicism about arithmetic is their invocation of Frege's Constraint – roughly, the requirement that the core empirical applications for a class of numbers be “built directly into” their formal characterization. In particular, they maintain that, if adopted, Frege's Constraint adjudicates in favor of their preferred foundation – Hume's Principle – and against alternatives, such as the Dedekind-Peano axioms. In what follows we establish two main claims. First, we show that, if sound, Hale and Wright's arguments for Frege's Constraint at most establish a version on which the relevant application of the naturals is transitive counting – roughly, the counting procedure by which numerals are used to answer “how many”-questions. Second, we show that this version of Frege's Constraint fails to adjudicate in favor of Hume's Principle. If this is the version of Frege's Constraint that a foundation for arithmetic must respect, then Hume's Principle no more – and no less – meets the requirement than the Dedekind-Peano axioms do. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Department of Philosophy

Nous

Neologicism, Frege's Constraint, and the Frege-Heck Condition

This afterword reflects on the intellectual life of Chanchalkumar Chattopadhyaya who died at the age of 89 in 2004. Mr Chattopadhyaya, who lived in a small flat in north Calcutta, taught himself Greek, Latin and French, and it was the learning of the Italian language which introduced him to his life's great love, Dante. His other great love was western classical music. Mr Chattopadhyaya, who I refer to in this text as Chanchalbabu, represents a lost sensibility which was once integral to the culture and history of Calcutta. Despite being scoffed at, he, along with the other marginal characters in this anthology who are navigating, moulding and defying mainstream aesthetic narratives in Calcutta, remained committed to the passionate pursuit of knowledges which drew upon the best of European culture. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Contemporary South Asia

Afterword: a forgotten individual, a forgotten milieu

In this article, I develop a model of the politics of vishwas (trust/belief). This is a form of personal politics in which voters prefer to centralize political power in a strong leader, and trust the leader to make good decisions for the polity–in contrast to the standard models of democratic accountability and issue-based politics. I argue that two factors lead to the BJP using the politics of vishwas to dominate Indian politics. First, like much of the world, there is an increasingly strong axis of conflict between those who believe in a unitary (Hindu) national identity for India and those who view India in ‘multicultural’ terms. This obliges supporters of Hindu nationalism to support political centralization to stymie federalism, which would require negotiation across regional, linguistic, caste, and religious identities. Second, the BJP’s control of media and communication with the voter, in tandem with a strong party machinery, give the party structural advantages in mobilizing voters around the messages of Narendra Modi. I find that this change in Indian politics is reflected in voter turnout behavior in India. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor &amp; Francis Group.